The 20 gauge shotgun, a popular choice for upland bird hunting, target shooting, and home defense, offers a delightful balance of power and manageability. Reloading your own 20 gauge ammunition can be a rewarding experience, allowing for customization of your loads to perfectly suit your needs and shooting style. However, safe and effective reloading requires precise data and a thorough understanding of the process. This comprehensive guide provides essential 20 gauge shotgun reloading data and crucial safety information. Remember, always prioritize safety when handling firearms and reloading components.
Understanding 20 Gauge Shotgun Shells
Before diving into reloading data, let's briefly review the components of a 20 gauge shotshell:
- Case: The brass or plastic hull that holds everything together. 20 gauge cases are distinctly smaller than 12 gauge or 16 gauge.
- Primer: Initiates the combustion of the powder. Shotgun primers are typically either small pistol primers or dedicated shotgun primers.
- Powder: The propellant that pushes the shot or slug down the barrel. Different powders burn at different rates, influencing shot pattern and velocity. Using the incorrect powder is extremely dangerous.
- Wads: Separate the powder from the shot and create a seal for optimal performance. Various wad types are available, each designed for specific shot sizes and loads.
- Shot: The projectiles, ranging from fine birdshot to larger buckshot or slugs. Shot size is crucial for different hunting applications.
Choosing the correct components is paramount for safe and effective reloading.
Essential 20 Gauge Reloading Data
The following table provides some sample reloading data for 20 gauge shotshells. This data is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a complete substitute for reloading manuals from reputable manufacturers. Always consult a comprehensive reloading manual from a reputable source before attempting to reload ammunition. Using the wrong data can lead to dangerous overpressure or underperformance.
| Powder Type | Shot Size | Shot Weight (oz) | Wad Type | Primer Type | Charge (grains) | Pressure (psi) | Velocity (fps) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clays | #7 | 7/8 | CB2020 | Small Pistol | 17.0 | 9500 | 1200 | Example only! Consult a manual. |
| Hodgdon Universal | #6 | 1 | WAA20 | Small Pistol | 18.5 | 10200 | 1250 | Example only! Consult a manual. |
| Red Dot | #4 | 1 1/8 | W20 | 209 | 19.5 | 11000 | 1300 | Example only! Consult a manual. |
Disclaimer: The above data is for illustrative purposes ONLY. It is not a complete or exhaustive list, nor should it be used as a substitute for a reloading manual.
Understanding the Table:
- Powder Type: The specific type of shotgun powder used. Different powders have different burn rates and characteristics.
- Shot Size: The diameter of the individual shot pellets.
- Shot Weight: The total weight of the shot in the shell.
- Wad Type: The specific wad used for the load.
- Primer Type: The type of primer used.
- Charge (grains): The weight of powder in grains. This is the most critical data point, and inaccuracy here is dangerous.
- Pressure (psi): The pressure generated inside the barrel, measured in pounds per square inch. Exceeding safe pressure limits can cause catastrophic barrel failure.
- Velocity (fps): The muzzle velocity of the shot, measured in feet per second.
- Notes: Any additional information or warnings.
Safety Precautions for 20 Gauge Reloading
- Read and understand a reloading manual thoroughly. This is not optional.
- Use proper safety glasses and hearing protection.
- Work in a clean, well-ventilated area.
- Never exceed maximum recommended powder charges. Overloading is incredibly dangerous.
- Double-check your measurements carefully. Errors can have serious consequences.
- Inspect your finished shells for proper crimping and overall quality.
- Store your reloaded ammunition properly, away from heat and moisture.
- Always treat firearms and ammunition with the respect they deserve.
Choosing the Right Components
Component selection is critical. Factors to consider include:
- Powder: Select a powder suitable for 20 gauge loads and your desired velocity.
- Wads: Choose a wad specifically designed for your shot size and powder charge. Improper wads can lead to inconsistent patterns or pressure issues.
- Primers: Use primers recommended by the powder manufacturer and in your reloading manual.
- Shot: Select the appropriate shot size for your intended purpose.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Even with careful attention to detail, you might encounter issues. Common problems and their potential solutions include:
- Hard or inconsistent crimps: This may indicate improper wad selection or seating.
- Low velocity: This could suggest an undercharge of powder.
- High pressure: This is a serious issue indicating possible overloading or incorrect components.
Always consult your reloading manual for specific troubleshooting advice.
Conclusion
Reloading 20 gauge ammunition offers significant advantages, from cost savings to load customization. However, responsible and safe reloading demands a commitment to accuracy, careful attention to detail, and a deep understanding of the process. This comprehensive guide aims to provide valuable information, but it's crucial to reiterate the necessity of consulting reliable reloading manuals and adhering to all safety guidelines. Happy and safe reloading!