Building your own AR-15 can be a rewarding experience, offering customization and cost savings. One popular approach involves purchasing a complete upper receiver group (upper), which includes the bolt carrier group (BCG) and charging handle (CH). This simplifies the process considerably. This guide will delve into the world of complete uppers with BCG and CH, exploring their benefits, considerations, and how to choose the right one for your needs.
Understanding Complete Upper Receivers
A complete upper receiver group is a pre-assembled unit containing all the essential parts needed to attach to a lower receiver, forming a functional AR-15 firearm. This includes the upper receiver itself, the bolt carrier group (BCG), charging handle (CH), barrel, gas system, and handguard. Purchasing a complete upper eliminates the need to source and assemble these components individually, saving time and effort.
Advantages of Complete Uppers with BCG and CH:
- Convenience: Pre-assembled, ready to install on your lower receiver. No need for individual part sourcing or assembly.
- Cost-Effectiveness: In many cases, buying a complete upper is more cost-effective than purchasing individual components. Bulk pricing and streamlined production often lead to lower overall costs.
- Quality Control: Reputable manufacturers perform quality control checks on complete uppers, ensuring proper function and reliability.
- Faster Build Time: Significantly reduces the time required to complete your AR-15 build.
- Variety of Options: Complete uppers are available in a wide range of configurations, calibers, and barrel lengths to suit different needs and preferences.
Choosing the Right Complete Upper: Key Considerations
Selecting the right complete upper requires careful consideration of several factors to ensure compatibility and performance.
1. Caliber:
The most fundamental decision is choosing the caliber. Common calibers include:
- .223 Wylde: A popular choice, offering compatibility with both .223 Remington and 5.56 NATO ammunition.
- 5.56 NATO: The standard caliber for military AR-15s.
- .300 Blackout: A subsonic cartridge designed for suppressed operation.
- 6.8 SPC: A larger cartridge offering increased range and stopping power.
2. Barrel Length:
Barrel length significantly impacts the ballistic performance of your AR-15:
- Shorter Barrels (e.g., 7.5", 10.5"): More compact and maneuverable, but generally less accurate at longer ranges.
- Mid-Length Barrels (e.g., 14.5", 16"): Offer a balance between accuracy, maneuverability, and effective range.
- Longer Barrels (e.g., 18", 20"): Generally more accurate at longer ranges, but less maneuverable.
Table 1: Barrel Length vs. Performance
| Barrel Length (inches) | Effective Range | Maneuverability | Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | Short | High | Moderate |
| 10.5 | Short-Medium | High | Good |
| 14.5 | Medium | Medium | Excellent |
| 16 | Medium-Long | Medium | Excellent |
| 18 | Long | Low | Exceptional |
| 20 | Long | Low | Exceptional |
3. Gas System:
The gas system regulates the pressure used to cycle the BCG. Common types include:
- Direct Impingement (DI): Simple and reliable, but can lead to increased fouling.
- Short Stroke Piston: Reduces fouling and recoil, but is generally more complex and expensive.
4. Handguard:
The handguard protects the barrel and provides a mounting point for accessories:
- Free-Floating Handguards: Do not touch the barrel, offering improved accuracy.
- Drop-in Handguards: Attach directly to the barrel nut, simpler to install.
5. BCG and CH Quality:
The bolt carrier group (BCG) and charging handle (CH) are critical components affecting reliability. Choose high-quality components from reputable manufacturers like BCM, Toolcraft, or JP Enterprises for optimal performance and longevity. Avoid cheap, unbranded parts.
6. Manufacturer Reputation:
Choose a reputable manufacturer with a proven track record of producing high-quality AR-15 uppers. Research reviews and check for customer feedback before purchasing.
Assembling Your AR-15 with a Complete Upper
Once you've chosen your complete upper, assembling it with your lower receiver is relatively straightforward. However, safety should always be the utmost priority. Consult a qualified gunsmith if you are unsure about any step of the process.
- Verify Compatibility: Ensure the upper and lower receiver are compatible with each other before proceeding.
- Install the Upper Receiver: Carefully align the upper receiver with the lower receiver and secure them together using the upper receiver pins.
- Insert the Bolt Carrier Group (BCG): Insert the BCG into the upper receiver.
- Charge the Weapon: Cycle the charging handle to chamber a round.
- Safety Checks: Always conduct thorough safety checks before handling or firing any firearm.
Conclusion: Finding the Perfect Complete Upper
Selecting a complete upper receiver with BCG and CH can be a significant step in building or upgrading your AR-15. By carefully considering the factors discussed in this guide, you can find a complete upper that matches your specific needs and ensures a reliable, high-performing firearm. Remember to always prioritize safety and handle firearms responsibly.