The Smith & Wesson Model 1917 revolver holds a significant place in firearms history, serving as a vital part of American military history during World War I. This article delves into the intricacies of this iconic revolver, exploring its design, history, performance, and enduring legacy. We'll examine its features, variants, and its impact on both the battlefield and the civilian market.
The Genesis of a Wartime Revolver
The Model 1917's story begins with the United States' entry into World War I. Facing a critical shortage of .45 ACP handguns, the U.S. Army turned to Smith & Wesson and Colt to produce a reliable, readily available sidearm. Smith & Wesson, leveraging their existing design expertise, quickly adapted their existing .45 Colt revolver platform, creating a powerful and durable handgun suitable for the rigors of trench warfare. The resulting design, officially adopted in 1917, was a significant departure from their previous revolvers. The use of a .45 ACP cartridge, instead of the .45 Colt, reflected the army's need for standardization.
Design Features and Specifications
The Smith & Wesson Model 1917 boasted several key features that made it effective and reliable in the trenches:
- Caliber: .45 ACP
- Action: Double-action
- Capacity: 6 rounds
- Barrel Length: Typically 4 inches, but variations existed.
- Construction: Primarily made of steel, ensuring durability.
- Sights: Simple, fixed blade front and notch rear sights, functional but not particularly precise.
- Finish: Blued, although wartime production sometimes resulted in less refined finishes.
This robust design, unlike the delicate Colt 1911, proved well-suited to harsh conditions. The Model 1917 was known for its strength and reliability. While not as refined as many post-war designs, its simplicity ensured it would function even under stress.
Production and Variants
Smith & Wesson produced a staggering number of Model 1917 revolvers during World War I. The exact number remains debated among collectors, but estimates often exceed 200,000 units. This mass production resulted in certain variations between revolvers, even within the same production batches.
Some key variations included differences in:
- Markings: Variations in markings on the frame are common, reflecting changes in manufacturing processes and contracts.
- Finish: As mentioned, wartime production often led to inconsistencies in bluing, with some examples showing more wear or inconsistencies than others.
- Grips: While usually fitted with standard wooden grips, variations in material and finish existed.
These variations make collecting and identifying specific Model 1917 revolvers a fascinating pursuit.
Performance and Legacy
The Model 1917 served faithfully in World War I, proving its reliability under pressure. While the .45 ACP cartridge possessed considerable stopping power, the revolver's accuracy was considered acceptable for its intended purpose, close-quarters combat. It wasn't designed for long-range precision shooting.
After the war, the Model 1917 continued to see some military use and found its way into the hands of law enforcement and civilians. Its robust construction and powerful cartridge made it a popular choice, though it eventually gave way to more modern semi-automatic handguns.
However, the Model 1917 remains a significant part of American firearm history and a testament to Smith & Wesson's ability to meet the demands of wartime. Its lasting impact is evident in its enduring popularity among collectors and its place in military museums worldwide.
Collecting the Model 1917
Today, the Smith & Wesson Model 1917 is a highly sought-after collectible. Condition, markings, and originality are all crucial factors in determining value. Due to its mass production and wartime use, examples in pristine condition are rare, but well-preserved specimens can command a substantial price.
Conclusion
The Smith & Wesson Model 1917 revolver stands as a powerful symbol of American military history and innovation. Its simple, robust design and effective performance under fire solidified its place in history. While technological advancements have rendered it somewhat obsolete in modern warfare, its legacy continues to fascinate collectors and firearm enthusiasts alike. The Model 1917's story is one of necessity, adaptation, and enduring reliability, a testament to the ingenuity and craftsmanship of Smith & Wesson.