Missouri has relatively permissive gun laws compared to other states. However, understanding the specific requirements to legally purchase a firearm is crucial to avoid legal trouble. This guide outlines the process of buying a gun in Missouri, covering everything from background checks to waiting periods and restrictions. This information is for general guidance only and should not substitute for legal advice. Always check the current Missouri statutes and consult with legal counsel if you have specific questions.
Who Can Legally Buy a Gun in Missouri?
Generally, a person must be 18 years or older to purchase a long gun (rifles and shotguns) and 21 years or older to purchase a handgun. There are some exceptions for certain individuals, such as law enforcement officers and active military personnel, but these require specific documentation and verification.
Key Restrictions: Individuals with certain felony convictions, those adjudicated as mentally defective, and those who have been dishonorably discharged from the military are generally prohibited from possessing firearms. This is determined through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS).
Specific Restrictions and Considerations:
- Domestic Violence: A person subject to a domestic violence restraining order may be prohibited from purchasing or possessing a firearm.
- Drug Use: Individuals convicted of certain drug felonies are typically prohibited from owning firearms.
- Mental Health: While the criteria can be complex, a documented history of severe mental illness can lead to disqualification.
The Gun Purchase Process in Missouri
The process of purchasing a firearm in Missouri generally involves these steps:
1. Choosing a Licensed Dealer: It's essential to purchase from a licensed firearms dealer (FFL). This ensures the dealer complies with federal and state regulations, including conducting the necessary background checks.
2. Filling Out the ATF Form 4473: You will fill out the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) Form 4473. This form collects personal information, including your name, address, date of birth, and answers questions regarding your eligibility to own a firearm. False statements on this form carry severe penalties.
3. The NICS Background Check: The dealer will submit your information to the NICS for a background check. This check verifies your identity and checks against various databases to determine your eligibility to possess a firearm.
4. Waiting Period (Generally None): Unlike some states, Missouri does not have a mandatory waiting period for most firearm purchases. However, the background check process itself can take time, from minutes to several days. The dealer will inform you if there are any delays.
5. Taking Possession: Once the background check is cleared, you can take possession of your firearm. The dealer will provide you with instructions on safe handling and storage.
Private Gun Sales in Missouri
Missouri is a relatively permissive state concerning private gun sales. However, even in private sales, federal law still requires a licensed dealer to conduct a background check if the seller is a licensed dealer.
Additional Considerations:
- Concealed Carry Permits: Missouri offers concealed carry permits, which allow individuals to carry concealed firearms. The application process and requirements for this permit are separate from purchasing a firearm.
- Safe Gun Handling Practices: It's crucial to prioritize safe gun handling practices, including proper storage, training, and responsible gun ownership.
Conclusion: Responsible Gun Ownership in Missouri
Missouri's gun laws allow for relatively easy access to firearms, but this ease of access comes with significant responsibilities. Understanding the legal requirements for purchasing and owning a firearm, along with the safe handling practices, is paramount. Always ensure you're following all applicable federal and state laws and regulations. This guide provides an overview, but always consult the most current Missouri statutes and seek legal counsel for specific advice. Responsible gun ownership is a critical aspect of exercising these rights.