Introduction:
The 20 gauge shotgun remains a popular choice for hunters, sport shooters, and home defenders alike. Its lighter recoil makes it ideal for new shooters and those who prefer a less punishing experience. However, understanding 20 gauge load data is crucial for safe and effective reloading. This comprehensive guide delves into the intricacies of 20 gauge reloading, providing information on powder choices, shot sizes, wad selection, and safety precautions. We'll cover everything you need to know to confidently create your own 20 gauge ammunition. Remember, always prioritize safety when handling firearms and reloading components. Improper reloading can lead to serious injury or equipment damage. This guide provides information, but is not a replacement for thorough reloading manuals.
Understanding 20 Gauge Shell Dimensions
Before diving into load data, it's essential to understand the physical dimensions of a 20 gauge shotshell. This includes the shell length, the diameter of the shell, and the internal components. These dimensions directly impact the amount of powder, shot, and wad that can be safely accommodated within the shell. Variations exist across shell manufacturers, so always refer to the specifications of the specific shells you intend to reload.
Key Dimensions:
- Shell Length: Common 20 gauge shell lengths are 2 3/4 inches and 3 inches. The longer shell allows for a larger shot charge.
- Shell Diameter: The diameter dictates the size of the shot cup and overall capacity.
- Headspace: The critical distance between the shell head and the breech face of the firearm. Improper headspace can cause dangerous pressure increases.
Selecting the Right Powder for 20 Gauge Loads
Powder choice significantly impacts the performance and safety of your 20 gauge loads. Different powders burn at different rates, generating varying pressures and velocities. It is crucial to consult reloading manuals specific to your chosen powder and components. Never deviate from published data.
Popular 20 Gauge Powders:
The following table lists some popular powders for 20 gauge reloading. Remember, this is not an exhaustive list, and powder availability may vary.
| Powder Name | Burn Rate | Typical Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Clays | Fast | Light target loads, birdshot |
| Universal Clays | Medium | Versatile, suitable for various loads |
| Titegroup | Fast | Light target and hunting loads |
| Hodgdon Longshot | Moderate | Steel shot, heavier loads |
| Alliant Steel | Medium | Steel shot, hunting loads |
Important Note: Always double-check your chosen powder's suitability for your intended shot size and shell length.
Choosing the Correct Shot Size and Wad
The shot size you select will depend on your intended use. Smaller shot sizes (e.g., #8, #7 1/2) are better for small game like quail or doves, while larger shot sizes (e.g., #4, #00) are suitable for larger game such as waterfowl or turkeys.
Wads are crucial for creating a proper seal within the shotshell and preventing shot deformation. They also center the shot column for consistent patterns. Choose wads specifically designed for your chosen shell length, powder type, and shot size.
Shot Size Guide:
| Shot Size | Typical Uses |
|---|---|
| #8 | Small game, doves, quail |
| #7 1/2 | Small game, doves, quail |
| #6 | Upland game birds, rabbits |
| #4 | Waterfowl, turkeys |
| #2 | Waterfowl, turkeys |
| #00 | Large waterfowl, turkeys |
Step-by-Step Guide to Reloading 20 Gauge Shells
Reloading 20 gauge shells involves several steps, each demanding precision and accuracy. This detailed process is only a guide; consult your reloading manuals for precise measurements and instructions based on your specific components.
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Prepare your components: Gather your 20 gauge hulls, primers, powder, shot, and wads. Ensure they are all compatible with each other. Use a scale to accurately measure your powder charge. A single grain of powder too much can lead to dangerous overpressure.
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Resize the hulls (if necessary): Some hulls may require resizing after firing. Use a suitable resizing tool following manufacturer's instructions.
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Prime the hulls: Carefully prime each hull with a suitable primer. Ensure the primer is correctly seated, using a primer seating tool.
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Measure the powder charge: Use a powder measure or a scale to accurately dispense the exact amount of powder as specified in your reloading data. Any variation can be extremely dangerous.
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Add the wad: Insert the wad correctly into the hull.
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Add the shot: Use a shot measure or a scale to accurately dispense your shot charge.
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Crimp the shell: Crimp the shell to seal it properly.
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Inspect the finished round: Carefully inspect each finished round to ensure everything is correctly assembled. Discard any rounds that exhibit flaws.
Safety Precautions in 20 Gauge Reloading
Safety is paramount when reloading ammunition. Ignoring safety procedures can result in serious injury or death.
- Wear safety glasses: Eye protection is essential to shield against accidental discharges or component debris.
- Use a well-ventilated area: Reloading involves handling potentially flammable powders.
- Follow reloading manuals precisely: Never deviate from published data.
- Store components safely: Keep ammunition components securely stored away from children and pets.
- Clean your equipment regularly: This helps to prevent malfunctions.
- Regularly inspect your equipment: Any damaged equipment should be replaced immediately.
- Regularly maintain your reloading press: Keeping it clean and properly adjusted is vital.
Conclusion: Responsible 20 Gauge Reloading
Reloading your own 20 gauge ammunition can be a rewarding and cost-effective hobby. However, it's critical to prioritize safety and adhere strictly to published reloading data. This comprehensive guide provides valuable information, but it is not a replacement for thorough training and consultation with reloading manuals specific to your components. Remember, responsible reloading leads to safe and effective ammunition, enhancing your shooting experience. Always double-check your work and consult multiple reliable sources before attempting to reload your own ammunition.